BOPHELO BA LI-ETHNIC GROUPS tse 54 ho VIETNAM - Karolo ea 2

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… E tla ntšetsoa pele Karolong ea 1:

PHAM DUC THANH, Dr. Assoc. Moprofesa¹

Libaka tse Hloahloa tsa Setso

    Merabe e mene e lula haholo lithoteng, ho kenyeletsoa Ma kinh, Hoa, Cham 'me Khmer. Ba phela ka temo ea raese ea raese, litlhapi le mesebetsi ea matsoho.

   Merabe e fokolang e setseng e lula libakeng tse lithaba ho Leboea Leboea-bophirima Vietnam 'me Li-Highlands tse Bohareng.

   The Northwest e na le liprofinse tse 'ne: Hoa Binh¹⁴, Mora La¹⁵, Lai Chau¹⁶ 'me luan giup¹⁷ moo matsoalloa a morabe a ts'oereng boholo ba sechaba (72-85%). Li nka karolo ea 79.2% ea palo eohle ea sebaka seo le karolo ea 16.8% ea merafo eohle naheng.

   Sebakeng sena, Thai ke bongata - e ka bang 32.3% ea baahi ba sebaka seo le 54% ea kakaretso ea baahi ba Thai in Vietnam, a Son La¹⁵ Diprovense, sehlopha se ikarabella bakeng sa 55% ea baahi.

   The Mong Muong ikarabella bakeng sa 24% ea baahi ba sebaka seo le 48.5% ea Mong Muong setjhaba ka hara naha. Ho Hoa Binh¹⁴ Diprovense, e Mong Muong ke sehlopha se sengata, se etsang lipalo tse fetang 63% ea baahi.

   Merabe e meng e lulang tikolohong eo e kenyelletsa H'mong (13% ea baahi ba sebaka seo le 36.7% ea sechaba sa Hmong) le Dao (3.1% le 11.1% ka ho latellana).

   The Leboea-bochabela e na le liprofinse tse 11. Merabe e menyenyane e etsa 41.3% ea baahi ba sebaka seo le 34.6% ea palo ea baahi ba merabe e Vietnam.

   Liprofinse tse nang le palo e phahameng ea batho ea merabe e menyenyane Cao Bang¹⁶, Ha Giang¹⁷, Bac Ka¹⁸, Mora oa Mora¹⁹, Lao Cai²⁰ (67% -95%). Yen Bai²¹ 'me gangnamstyle Quang²² na le baahi bao ho bona ho fetang halofo e tsoang meloneng ea morabe. Thai Nguyen²³, Phu Tho²⁴, Bac Giang²⁵ 'me Quang Ninh²⁶ ho ba le pencertage ea oa merabe, ho tloha ho 11% ho isa ho 25%,

   The Northwest ke lehae la Thai ha e le Leboea-bochabela ke mahloriso a Tay 'me Nung. Mona, the Tay akhaonto ea 15% ea baahi ba moo le 90% e haufi ea kakaretso Tay baahi. Lipalo tsena bakeng sa Nung ke 8% le 85% ka tlhompho, le H'mong 5% le 57%. The Tay 'me Nung ke merabe e lulang libakeng tse tlase haufi le mehloli ea metsi. Ba na le boiphihlelo ho tsa temo le mesebetsi e meng.

   Karolo e ka leboea ea Vietnam e Bohareng e akaretsa liprofinse tse tšeletseng ho tloha Thanh Hoa²⁷ ho Lahleheloa Thien-Hue²⁸. Boholo ba merabe e lulang tikolohong eo ke boholo ba H'mong, Thai, Kho mu ha, 'me Mong Muong. Ba etsa karolo ea 10.6% ea baahi ba moo le 10% ea baahi ba merabe e menyenyane ho Vietnam.

Leha merabe e fokolang e ikarabella bakeng sa karolo ea 14 lekholong ea baahi ba Thanh Hoa²⁷ 'me Nghe An²⁸, litereke tse ngata tsa liprofinse tsena tse peli li hahiloe ka lithaba tse telele.

   The Thai ho phela ka Thanh Hoa²⁷ 'me Nghe An²⁸ etsa hoo e batlang e le 37% ea kakaretso Thai baahi. The Mong Muong in Thanh Hoa²⁷ etsa palo e ka bang 30% ea palo eohle ea sehlopha. The Tho, sehlopha se senyenyane se nang le batho ba ka bang 70,000, boholo ba bona ba lula ho sona Thanh Hoa²⁷ 'me Nghe An²⁸ (95%). Boholo ba batho ba fetang 55,000 Bru-Van Kieu batho ba lula liprofinseng tse peli tsa Quang Ninh²⁹ 'me Quang Tri³⁰.

   Karolo e ka boroa ea Vietnam e Bohareng mmoho le liprofinse tse tšeletseng ke tharollo ea merabe e menyenyane Ho Re, Bo-Van Kieu, Co Tu, Ta Oi, Gie Trieng, Raglai 'me Cham. Lihlopheng tsena ke karolo ea 5.5% ea baahi ba moo mme ka tlase ho 3% ea palo eohle ea merabe e menyenyane naheng. Ba tsepamisa mohopolo libakeng tse itseng tse ikhethang.

   Hoo e ka bang 98% ea Sehlopha sa Ho Re, 33-36% ea Raglai, 15-16% ea Cham lula sebakeng sena.

   The Li-Highlands tse Bohareng e na le liprofinse: Dak Lak³¹, Dak Nong³², Gia Lai³³, Kon Tum³⁴ 'me Lam Dong³⁵. Ona ke sebaka sa batho ba merabe e fetang 40, ho kenyeletsa le matsoalloa a 12 (Gia Rai, E De, Ba Na, Xo Dang, Mnong, Gie Trieng, Ma, Chu Ru, Raglai, Co Ho, Brau, le Ro Mam). Lilemong tse leshome tse sa tsoa feta, ho falla ha batho ba merabe e meng e fokolang H'mong, Tay, Nung, Dao) ho tloha Leboea ho thusa ho fapanyetsa palo ea baahi ba sebaka seo. Mona, boholo ba merabe e na le karolo ea 33% ea baahi ba moo le hoo e ka bang 13% ea baahi bohle ba morabe o Vietnam.

   ln ea Delta ea Mekong³⁶, boholo ba merabe e fokolang ke Khmer (97% ea palo eohle ea Khmer) le Hoa (23% ea kakaretso ea Hoa). The Cham hape lula mona ka tekanyo e nyane (Batho ba 12300, ba etsang karolo ea 10% ea palo eohle ea Cham), haholo kahare An Giang³⁷ Diprovense.

 Phapang ea anthropologic e tlisa phapang e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa tsa bokhelohi. ka har'a lithota le mabalane, merabe e lema raese e nang le metsi, e theha metse e atlehileng eo bohareng ba eona e leng ntlo ea sechaba, hape le sebaka sa khumamelo se nehetsoeng ho molimo oa thuto ea motsana. Litšoantšo tse ling tse ngata tse tloaelehileng tse kang lifate tsa banian, liliba tsa metsi a metsaneng, liropo tsa bamboo tse tala le mekete e nang le mohloa o bululeloang le tse tsosang takatso ea ho tsoaloa ha moaparo o motelele oa basali, likatiba tse pinki, likatiba tsa plam tse boreleli, bong bong ho ho³⁸ lipina tsa setso, opera e tsebahalang (pele)³⁹ ka Delta Delta⁴⁰, kapa lipina tse khahlehang le lipina tsa setso ka Vietnam e Bohareng, kapa blouse e loketseng ho tlama (ao ba)⁴¹ le lipina tsa setso tsa batho tse tsamaeang le melumo ea monochord, tse llang ka likanaleng le linokeng ho Delta ea Mekong³⁶.

  The Northwest e na le semelo sa morabe se khabane ka ho fetisisa le se fapaneng Vietnam. Lithaba tse phahameng le liphula, mabili a maholo a metsi, likepe tsa raese tse tsamaeang ka metsi li bonahala li boloka nako e ntse e emisa. Masimo a letsoalo a koahetsoeng ka raese e botala ke litepisi tse sa feleng tse lebisang leholimong le leholo le leputsoa. Lithabeng tsa rugger nock in Dong Van³⁷ 'me Meo Vac³⁸, batho ba moo ba lema lijalo ka mekoti e menyenyane ea mafikeng. Mokhoa ona oa ho lema o bonts'a ho sebetsa ka thata ho bona le bokhoni ba bona ba ho hlola tlhaho.

  Ka "ho lekanaMoruo, banana ba libakeng tse lithaba, ka boikitlaetso le boiphihlelo ba bona ba ile ba khona ho loha liaparo tse mebala-bala, lihempe, likobo tse khabisitsoeng ka mekhoa e hlakileng ea mekhabiso, ba theha litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa merabe e fapaneng. Matlo a hahelletsoeng ka holimo, matlo a hahiloeng ka letsopa, liketsoana tse tsamaeang ka maoto, li-papoose, lipere tsa lipakete, lithahasello tsa lehae (stewed com phofo, raese e khang pheha ka likarolo tsa bamboo, sopho ea nama, joala ba raese bo nkiloeng ka lehlaka), 'maraka oa lithaba,' maraka oa lerato, mekete, moetlo oa temo, lipina tsa setso e se e le lintho tse khahlang baeti.

  Tloaelo ea batho ba merabe e menyenyane ho Li-Highlands tse Bohareng e na le litšobotsi tsa eona tsa pele, e nang le matlo a malelele a a atamelaneng, matlo a malelele a matlo-le lits'oants'o tsa gong tse sa tsoa tsebisoa ke UNESCO³⁹ e le lefa la setso la moloko oa batho. Lenaneong la Li-Highlands tse Bohareng, kayak le litlou tse tahiloeng ke tsona mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho tsamaisa. Tloaelo mona e hlahisoa le lithophone⁴⁰ seta, beha klong⁴¹ hantle, khan⁴² (lipina tsa bolumeli) li-tunes, epics, le sinus⁴³ metjeko.

Sechaba sa lihlopha tse 54 tsa morabe oa Vietnam

    Ka lilemo tse likete, mefuta e 53 ea meloko, hammoho le Viet (ma kinh) batho, ba thehile bonngoe bo boholo le ba matla Lelapa la Vietnamese. Ka 'panorama e ngata joalo e fapaneng, litso tsa merabe e fapaneng ke mebala e ikhethang le ea bohlokoa. Letlotlo le ke keng la bapisoa la setso sa sehlopha ka seng kapa setereke ka seng, leha le fapaneng ebile le le ngata ke karolo ea Vietnamesisch moetlo o ileng oa khothaletsoa le ho tsebisoa lefats'e.

   Hajoale moetlo o nkuoa e le motheo le sepheo sa nts'etsopele ea naha. Kahoo setšoantšo sa a Naha ea Vietnam of Merabe e 54 e tla ts'oaroa le boitsebahatso ba naha, boiphihlelo le tsoelo-pele.

BONA HO EKETSEHILENG:
◊  SETJHABA sa LIHLOPHA TSE 54 TSA BOPHELO Vietnam - Karolo ea 1.
◊  LI-GROPS tsa ETHNIC tse Vietnam Vietnam.
Version Phetolelo ea Vietnamese (vi-Khatiso):  CONG DONG 54 DAN TOC Vietnam - Phan 1.