Viet-Nam, Tsoelopele le Setso – THE TINSMITHS, COINS CASTERS, GOLDSMITHS le SILVERSMITHS, TINMEN, BRONZE-FOUNDERS, LOCKSMITHS

Hits: 228

Ka PIERRE HUARD¹
(Setho se Hlomphehang sa École Française d'Extrême-Orient)
LE DITLHAKISO TSE KHOLO²
(Setho sa École Française d'Extrême-Orient³)
Khatiso e ntlafalitsoeng ea 3rd 1998, Imprimerie Nationale Paris,

      They o sebelitse ka tinplate, zinki le thini. Pele ho fihla ha Occidentals, indasteri ea bona e ne e lekanyelitsoe ho etsa likatiba tse nyane tse holimo, linoelo tsa oli tse sebetsang joalo ka mabone, mabokose a nang le opium le lisebelisoa tse ling tse fapaneng. Ka mor'a moo, ho nkile tsoelo-pele e kholo. Ha a ntse a sebetsa, moetsi oa tšepe o lula a lutse kapa a kopile, a sebelisa matsoho le maoto a hae ka matla ao menoana e 'meli e meholo, kapa monoana o motona oa leoto le monoana oa bobeli a kopanang, e leng ntho e phelang, e bonojoana le e tiileng. Sena se lumella ho hlahisa lintho tse sebelitseng tlas'a ts'ebetso e batloang bakeng sa lisebelisoa (faele, hamore, rivet-driver) e tšoaroang ka matsoho a lulang a lokolohile. Qetellong, mosebetsing oa ho seha, lekala le sa sisinyeheng la sekere le tsitsisoa ke monoana o motona oa leoto, ha le leng la matsoho a mabeli le tsamaisa lekala le tsamaeang 'me letsoho le leng [Leqephe la 190] le tataisa pampiri ea tšepe e lokelang ho khaoloa. Lentsoe "quặp” e hlalosa maikutlo a ho hapa ntho pakeng tsa monoana oa bobeli le monoana o motona. [Leqephe le leqepheng la 191]

LITS'ELISI LITS'ELISI

[Leqephe le leqepheng la 191]  Tlichelete tsa tšepe tsa pele le mekoallo ea khauta li ne li lahletsoe Hanoi ke Lưu Xuân Tín, ho latela mokhoa oa Sechaena (Tín o ne a lula tlas'a Lê Thánh Tôn ke hore ho ea ka 1461).
      TLichelete tsa tšepe tsa hona joale tse bōpiloeng le tse kolobisitsoeng (empa li sa etsoa) li ne li e-na le loam e ngata haholo e tsoakiloeng le zine.
        Tketane ea tlhahiso ea hae ke e latelang (bona hape le tlhahiso ea lichelete tsa tšepe (sapèques) ho Revue Indochinoise, 1900).

1. Ho bopa lehlabathe;
2. Ho kopana ha zinki;
3. Ho chesoa ka tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng ka har'a hlobo;
4. Ho hlopha lichelete tsa tšepe tse ka sebelisoang.

BATHO BA KHAUDA LE SEBELISA silefera

     TBatšehetsi ba litei tsa khauta ke bara ba motho ba bararo Trần Hòa, Trần Điện le Trần Điền ba ithutileng bonono ba bona Chaena ho elella lekholong la bo6 la lilemo.

    A sefuba se senyenyane se nang le lithapo, se nang le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa le lintho tseo ba sebetsang ho tsona, 'me se felisitsoe ke melumo e tšekaletseng e nang le piston (kai bễ) e lekaneng bakeng sa litei tsa khauta le silevera tsa setso. Peipi ea moholi o tsoang sefubeng e amoheloa ka mokoting o chekiloeng fatše. Litene tse peli le likotoana tse seng kae tsa mashala li etsa sebōpi. Seletsa sena sa mapolanka se phetheloa ka kobo ea tšepe e hlometseng (búa và), lintlha tse betliloeng, likotoana tse seng kae tsa lehong le sekoti se senyenyane. Ntle le mehele e seng mekae (mehele e entsoeng ka mabenyane kapa lihokelo tsa ketane), ho ne ho se na ho etsoa ha lintho tse khōlōhali. Mabenyane ohle a entsoe ka lishiti tsa silevera kapa tsa khauta, tse teteaneng ho feta kapa ka tlase, li sebetsoa ka repoussé, li bōpehile kapa li hatisitsoe ho bonolo haholoanyane ha ho botsoa litšepe tse hloekileng ntle le motsoako ofe kapa ofe. Mabenyane a khauta a qoelitsoeng a tebisoa ka har'a motsoako o phehiloeng le o teteaneng, ebang ke lipalesa tsa sophora (hoekapa ea tai chua pericarp (Garcinia pedunculata). Joale, motho o li hlatsoa ka bateng e chesang haholo ea sebabole. [Leqephe le leqepheng la 191]

TINMEN

      Tmojalefa patron ke Phạm Ngọc Thành ea hlahisitseng mokhoa oa machaena Vietnam Leboea ho isa 1518.
      [Leqephe le leqepheng la 192] TLipitsa tsa ho pheha raese tse ncha tse entsoeng ka koporo e tekiloeng ka hamore, tse nang le mapheo a mahlale a feto-fetohang, li paka mokhoa o phethahetseng, o ratoang ke litsebi.

KHOPO MOHLOMI

     Their patron ke bonze Khổng Lộ ea ithutileng ho qhibiliha ha koporo Chaena 'me a hasanya mokhoa oa eona Vietnam Leboea ho ea ho 1226. Litšusumetso tse mpe tse tsoang linaheng tse ling li lokela ho hlokomeloa joalo ka Jean de la Croix, motsoako oa li-portuguese, mothehi oa likanono Huế (lekholong la bo18 la lilemo). Ho qhibiliha ha boka bo lahlehileng esale e le ho hlomphuoang. Setšoantšo sa Trần Vũ (pagoda e bitsoa ka nepo ea Buddha e Moholo Hanoi) le li-dynastical urns ho Huế li bontša bokhoni ba li-bronze-founders tsa vietnamese (sheba le Chochod, Mekhoa ea ho theha e sebelisitsoeng ho Annam, ho BEFEO, IX, 155).

LITS'OANELO

      Ssetso sa inoid se tseba sekoahelo sa rolara le "spring-stud", tse atisang ho sebelisoa ho notlela thepa ea ka tlung. Moetlong oa setso oa Vietnam, lock ha e tsejoe 'me liheke tsa matlo li notletsoe ka ho koala litšepe, ho sebelisoa mekoallo ea lepolanka.

bibiliokerafi

+ J. Silvestre. Lintlha tse tla sebelisoa ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho hlophisoa ha lichelete le likhau tsa Annam le French Cochin-china. (Saigon, Imprimerie nationale, 1883).
+ GB Glover. Lipoleiti tsa lichelete tsa tšepe tsa Sechaena, Annamese, Majapane, tsa Korea, tsa lichelete tsa tšepe tse sebelisoang e le lithatho tsa mmuso oa China le lintlha tsa lekunutu. (Noronha le Co Hongkong, 1895).

+ Lemire. Litsebi tsa khale le tsa sejoale-joale le litumelo tsa Indochina (Paris, Challamel). Seboka se entsoeng ka la 29 Tšitoe Sociéte francaise des Ingénieurs coloniaux.
+ Ke lakatsa Lacroix. Li-numismatics tsa Annamese, 1900.
+ Pouchat. Indasteri ea Joss-stick e Tonquin, ho Revue Indochinoise, 1910–1911.

+ Mohala. Ka bonono ba annamese, ho Revue Indochinoise, 1912.
+ Marcel Bernanose. Basebetsi ba bonono ba Tonquin (Mokhabiso oa tšepe, Jewellers), ho Revue Indochinoise, Ns 20, July–December 1913, leq. 279–290.
+ A. Barbotin. Indasteri ea li-firecrackers e Tonquin, ho Bulletin Economique de l'Indochine, September–October 1913.

+ R. Orband. Li-bronze tsa bonono tsa Minh Mạng, BAVH, 1914.
+ L. Cadière. Art in Huế, BAVH, 1919.
+ M. Bernanose. Mekhabiso ea bonono Tonquin, Paris, 1922.
+ C. Gravelle. Litšoantšo tsa Annamese, BAVH, 1925.

+ Albert Durier. Mokhabiso oa Annamese, Paris 1926.
+ Beaucarnot (Claude). Lisebelisoa tsa theknoloji ea ceramic bakeng sa tšebeliso ea likarolo tsa ceramic tsa likolo tsa bonono Indochina, Hanoi, 1930.
+ Le Gilbert. Indasteri ho Annam, BAVH, 1931.
+ Lemason. Tlhahisoleseding ka mekhoa ea ho tsoalisa litlhapi sebakeng sa delta sa tonquinese, 1993, leqepheng la 707.

+ H. Gourdon. Art of Annam, Paris, 1933.
+ Thân Trọng Khôi. Mabili a phahamisang a Quảng Nam le paddles norias of Thừa Thiên, 1935, leq. 349.
+ Guilleminet. Norias oa Quảng Ngãi, BAVH, 1926.
+ Guilleminet. Litokisetso tsa motheo tsa soya molemong oa lijo tsa Annamese, ho Bulletin économique de l'Indochine, 1935.
+ L. Feunteun. Ho qhotsoa ka maiketsetso ha mahe a letata Cochinchina, ho Bulletin Economique de l'Indochine, 1935, leq. 231.

[214]

+ Rudolf P. Hummel. China mosebetsing, 1937.
+ Mohau, Lisebelisoa tsa litsebi tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho tsa Annamese, ho BEFEO, 1937.
+ RPY Laubie. Litšoantšo tse tummeng Tonquin, BAVH, 1931.
+ P. Gourou. Indasteri ea motsana sebakeng sa delta sa Tonquinese, Kopano ea Machaba ea Geography, 1938.

+ P. Gourou. Sefate sa anise sa China se Tonquin (communiqué of Agriculture services in Tonquin), 1938, leq. 966.
+ Ch. Mokokotlo. Lipuisano ka litlelase tsa ho sebetsa Tonquin, 1939.
+ G. de Coral Remusat. Annamese art, Moslem arts, Extreme-Orient, Paris, 1939.
+ Nguyễn Văn Tố. Sefahleho sa motho ka bonono ba annamese, ho CEFEO, N°18, 1^st trimester ea 1939.

+ Henri Bouchon. Lihlopha tsa basebetsi ba matsoalloa le mesebetsi ea matsoho e tlatsetsang, ka Indochine, 26 sept. 1940.
+ X… - Charles Crevost. Animator ea sehlopha sa basebetsi sa tonquinese, ho Indochine, June 15, 1944.
+ Công nghệ thiệt hành (liindasteri tse sebetsang), ho Revue de Vulgarisation, Saigon, 1940.
+ Passignat. Li-masters-Iacquerers tsa Hanoi, ka Indochine February 6, 1941.

+ Passignat. Lacquer, ka Indochine, Dec. 25, 1941.
+ Passignat. Ivory, Indochine, January 15, 1942.
+ Serene (R.) Mokhoa oa setso oa Annamese: Woodcut, ka Indochine, Oct. 1st, 1942.
+ Nguyễn Xuân Nghi eo ho thoeng ke Từ Lâm, Lược khảo mỹ thuật Việt Nam (Outline of Vietnamese Art), Hanoi, Thuỵ-ký printinghouse, 1942.

+ L. Bezacier. Essay ka bonono ba Annamese, Hanoi, 1944.
+ Paul Boudet. Pampiri ea Annamese, ho Indochine, Jan. 27 le Feb. 17, 1944.
+ Mạnh Quỳnh. Tšimoloho le moelelo oa li-woodcuts tse tummeng tsa Tet, ka Indochine, Feb. 10, 1945.
+ Crevost et Petelot. Lethathamo la lihlahisoa tsa Indochina, ntate VI. Li-tannins le li-tinctorial (1941). [Mabitso a lihlahisoa tsa Vietnamese a fanoe].

+ Aug. Chevalier. Lethathamo la pele la meru le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa meru tsa Tonquin, Hanoi, Ideo, 1919. (Mabitso a Sevietnam a fanoa).
+ Lecomte. Meru ea Indochina, Agence Economique de l'Indochine, Paris, 1926.
+ R. Bulteau. Lintlha mabapi le ho etsoa ha lipitsa tsa letsopa profinseng ea Bình Định, ho BAVH, 1927, leq. 149 le 184 (e na le lethathamo le letle la lipitsa tsa letsopa tse fapaneng tsa Khomotso le lipapiso tsa bona mmoho le mabitso a sebaka sa bona).
+ Li-Despierres. Abacus ea China, ho Sud-Est, 1951.

lintlha :
Mohloli: Khokahano ea Viet Nam, PIERRE HUARD & MAURICE DURAND, Khatiso e ntlafalitsoeng ea boraro ea 3, Imprimerie Nationale Paris, École Française D'Extrême-Orient, Hanoi - Translated by VU THIEN KIM - NGUYEN PHAN ST Minh Nhat's Archives.
◊ Sehlooho sa hlooho, setšoantšo sa sepia se hlahang le litemana tsohle li setiloe ke Ban Thu Thu - khaledna

BONA HO EKETSEHILENG :
◊  Connaisance du Viet Nam - Mofuta oa pele - fr.VersiGoo
◊  Connaisance du Viet Nam - mofuta oa Vietnamese - vi.VersiGoo
◊  Connaisance du Viet Nam - All VersiGoo (Sejapane, Serussia, Serumani, Sepanish, Sekorea, ...

BAN TU THƯ
5 / 2022